Переход с Windows на GNU/Linux

This is what everyday users usually find better, mostly the same, or not as good, when switching from Windows to GNU/Linux.

What is better in GNU/Linux

Woman computing worry-free

Он свободен и бесплатен

Unlike Windows, GNU/Linux is free software – free as in freedom. Install it on all computers and make copies for your friends! You can even study it, transform it as you please, or build and sell your own distribution.

Программы

There are a wealth of free applications available at no cost under GNU/Linux. To edit professional documents, burn music CDs, rework photos, design a website, or organise music; there's no need for $200 software with restrictive licenses.

Встроенный установщик делает невероятно простым подбор, установку и удаление программ.

Кроме того, он безопасен! Вы можете забыть про демонстрационные/30-дневные программы или про вредоносные бесплатные программы типа freeware, которыми засорен веб.

Без стресса

Вы не должны прилагать титанические усилия для того, чтобы поддерживать свой компьютер в надлежащей форме. Через год после установки, GNU/Linux работает также быстро, как и в самый первый день. А еще он может заново оживить Ваш старый ПК.

Also, GNU/Linux lets you choose what you want and what you don't. If you had a hard time getting rid of Internet Explorer, Windows Media Player, or adware and web browser toolbars, you'll find it refreshing.

Безопасность

Forget expensive and restrictive anti-virus, anti-spyware, anti-anything and anti-everything. GNU/Linux is very, very secure.

It is often difficult for Windows users to believe that there are no spyware nor viruses under GNU/Linux – but it's true. Malicious programs have a hard time doing anything at all in a well-built system.

А регулярные и простые обновления программ помогут поддержать пользователей в совершенной безопасности.

Read more in our GNU/Linux FAQ:

Поддержка

GNU/Linux benefits from a great sense of community whose friendliness will surprise you. If you try to do something complicated but can't succeed, there are a lot of people around to help you out. Our "Больше" page gives a few pointers.

The companies behind the main GNU/Linux distributions, such as Canonical and Red Hat, also provide expert commercial support.

What is mostly the same in GNU/Linux

Fundamentally, everyday users will find GNU/Linux similar in use to Windows or macOS.

Общий вид

If you still believe GNU/Linux is controlled with code and command-line, you should update your views!

Just like Windows, GNU/Linux has to boot when you switch your computer on, and then you use programs in it to do different things. The taskbar and layout of applications will feel familiar to Windows or macOS users.

Интернет и повседневные задачи

The Web looks just the same when viewed with GNU/Linux (in fact you can browse the Web with the same program if you already use Firefox or Google Chrome). And of course, you can go through your picture and music collection all the same. Files and folders are navigated with a file manager like Windows Explorer.

What is not as good in GNU/Linux

Драйверы

Manufacturers of computer hardware don't always (yet) release drivers for GNU/Linux or publicize full specifications.

So, drivers are sometimes unavailable for the most recent high-end graphics cards – some are reverse-engineered from Windows drivers by volunteers. Some are also released free of charge, but under restrictive licenses.

Печально, но та же проблема существует и с многими бюджетными картами WiFi.

However, the vast majority of computers with standard hardware work out of the box with main GNU/Linux distributions. Common hardware such as USB keys or photo cameras never are a problem.

DVD-диски, ограниченные форматы

Many multimedia formats in use are proprietary and not openly specified; this means, broadly speaking, that GNU/Linux programmers have to find out how to read them without any help from the format designers.

This might lead you to circumvent the restrictions in some DVDs and the DRM in some music files, even if you purchased them in full legality, to be make them work under GNU/Linux. Unfortunately, depending on where you live, such circumvention processes may be illegal even if you purchased your media entirely legally.

Read more in our GNU/Linux FAQ:

Игры

Hard-core computer gamers, you might find that the GNU/Linux gaming world is less professional and out-of-the-box than under Windows: the large game developing companies are only slowly getting interested in the free software world, which means that many well-known titles do not work on GNU/Linux, or need special restrictive emulators to work.

There is a very active free software game development community though, and they have produced quite a few high-quality games, both 2D and 3D, that are free software. You can head to GNU/Linux Gaming on Reddit to find more information.

There is also a good selection of online game distribution platforms that sell many high-quality games for GNU/Linux:

Steam Logo GOG.COM logo itch.io logo Humble Bundle logo

Read more in our GNU/Linux FAQ:

Спящий режим (гибернация)

Из-за проблем с драйверами, описанными выше, спящий режим не всегда надежно работает. Чаще всего, в результате засыпания происходит потеря беспроводного соединения WiFi на ноутбуках, использующих несвободные драйвера.

В качестве заключения

Whether you are going to enjoy GNU/Linux depends mostly on what you expect from it.

  • If you wish GNU/Linux to be just exactly like Windows, you will probably be disappointed. GNU/Linux is built by people who simply wish it to be different. In the free software community, members have different visions of what makes an ideal operating system. These differences lead to variety, which is what makes GNU/Linux so special and interesting.
  • Ваша свобода имеет значение. Тысячи людей работают в сообществах и компаниях, чтобы построить программное обеспечение, на которое Вы сможете распространить эту свободу. Использование GNU/Linux — это самый простой путь сделать это сполна.
  • Это же весело! Когда перестаешь беспокоиться о шпионских программах, вирусах, регистрациях программ, демо-версиях, которые перестают работать, или нахождении программ, которые действительно свободны и бесплатны, пользование компьютером вдруг становится очень приятным.

Мы надеемся, Вы в скором времени перейдете. Вас ожидает большое сообщество, и никто в нем не просит Вас "зарегистрироваться, купить и активировать".